ABSTRACT
The text presents an updated proposal for a Health Science, Technology and Innovation Policy in Brazil, following the huge political turmoil in the country since 2019 and the COVID-19 pandemic since 2020. The proposal is presented in five sections: Scientific Research; Productive Innovation; Health Technology Assessment and Incorporation; Intellectual Property in Health; New challenges posed by the Pandemic. The authors take part in the Advisory Committee in Science, Technology and Innovation of the Brazilian Association of Collective Health.
O texto contém uma proposta atualizada de política de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação em Saúde no Brasil e a pertinência da atualização decorre do desastre nas atividades nesse terreno verificadas no país desde o início do atual governo federal em 2019, bem como dos desafios colocados pela emergência da pandemia COVID-19 desde 2020. Ele está organizado em cinco seções, a saber: Pesquisa em Saúde; Inovação Produtiva; Avaliação e Incorporação de Tecnologias em Saúde; Propriedade Intelectual em Saúde; Novos desafios colocados pela Pandemia. Os autores fazem parte do Comitê de Assessoramento em Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação da Abrasco.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Pandemics , Brazil , Health Policy , Humans , SARS-CoV-2 , TechnologyABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Asthma is a common long-term disorder and strategies to improve asthma control are still a challenge. Integrated delivery of health systems is critical for effective asthma care: there is limited information on experiences of care coordination for asthma from Latin America, especially on perspectives of health personnel and in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This protocol details a qualitative approach to analyse health workers' perspectives of healthcare coordination for asthma control during COVID-19 pandemic in Ecuador and Brazil, at primary and specialised levels, through in-depth semistructured interviews using a video communications platform. The analysis will identify knowledge and perspectives based on coordination of clinical information, clinical management and administrative coordination. Theoretical sampling will be used to obtain approximately equal numbers of women and men within each level of healthcare; data saturation will be used to determine sample size. Transcripts will be analysed using content-coding procedures to mark quotations related to major topics and subthemes included in the interview guide, and narrative analysis will be based on a theoretical framework for healthcare coordination to identify new themes and subthemes. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethical approval was obtained from the ethics committees of Hospital General Docente Calderón, Quito, Ecuador; and Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil. The findings of this study will be disseminated through peer-reviewed articles, conference presentations and condensed summaries for key stakeholders and partners.
Subject(s)
Asthma , COVID-19 , Asthma/epidemiology , Asthma/therapy , Brazil/epidemiology , Delivery of Health Care , Ecuador/epidemiology , Female , Health Personnel , Humans , Male , Pandemics , Qualitative Research , SARS-CoV-2ABSTRACT
Resumo Na pandemia COVID-19, estados e municípios brasileiros adotaram medidas de distanciamento social como estratégia para reduzir o número de casos e o controle da doença. Estas medidas atingem de forma diferenciada estratos populacionais e território. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a evolução do distanciamento social adotadas para o controle da pandemia COVID-19 e sua relação com as condições de vida da população do município de Salvador, Bahia. Foi conduzido um estudo ecológico utilizando agregados espaciais. Calculou-se o Índice de Isolamento Social do município e o Índice de Condição de Vida. O Índice de Moran Global e Local foram usados para avaliar o grau de dependência e autocorrelação espacial. Observou-se oscilações nos índices de isolamento social durante o período analisado, com maiores percentuais de isolamento nos bairros com condições de vida mais favoráveis. A análise e a interpretação das medidas de contenção da Covid-19, a exemplo do distanciamento social, deve considerar o perfil de vulnerabilidade de cada território visando a monitorar o correto dimensionamento das estratégias de mitigação da pandemia, na perspectiva de desenvolver ações sociais capazes de possibilitar maior adesão das populações mais desfavorecidas. In the current scenario of the COVID-19 pandemic, Brazilian states and municipalities have adopted social distancing measures as a strategy to reduce the number of cases and control the disease. These measures affect populations and territories differently. This study aims to analyze the trend of social distancing in this pandemic and its relationship with the context of living conditions in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. An ecological study with spatial distribution was conducted. The municipality's Social Distancing Index and the Living Conditions Index were calculated. Global and Local Moran Indices were employed to assess the degree of spatial dependence and autocorrelation. Fluctuations were observed in the social distancing levels during the analyzed period, with higher distancing percentages in neighborhoods with more favorable living conditions. The analysis and interpretation of COVID-19 containment measures, such as social distancing, should consider the profile of local vulnerability of each territory for the correct dimensioning of pandemic mitigation strategies from the perspective of developing social actions enabling greater adherence of the most impoverished populations.
ABSTRACT
In the current scenario of the COVID-19 pandemic, Brazilian states and municipalities have adopted social distancing measures as a strategy to reduce the number of cases and control the disease. These measures affect populations and territories differently. This study aims to analyze the trend of social distancing in this pandemic and its relationship with the context of living conditions in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. An ecological study with spatial distribution was conducted. The municipality's Social Distancing Index and the Living Conditions Index were calculated. Global and Local Moran Indices were employed to assess the degree of spatial dependence and autocorrelation. Fluctuations were observed in the social distancing levels during the analyzed period, with higher distancing percentages in neighborhoods with more favorable living conditions. The analysis and interpretation of COVID-19 containment measures, such as social distancing, should consider the profile of local vulnerability of each territory for the correct dimensioning of pandemic mitigation strategies from the perspective of developing social actions enabling greater adherence of the most impoverished populations.
Subject(s)
Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology , Social Conditions , Social Isolation , Brazil/epidemiology , COVID-19 , Cities , Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control , Humans , Pandemics/prevention & control , Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control , Spatial Analysis , Vulnerable PopulationsABSTRACT
The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged researchers and policy makers to identify public safety measures forpreventing the collapse of healthcare systems and reducingdeaths. This narrative review summarizes the available evidence on the impact of social distancing measures on the epidemic and discusses the implementation of these measures in Brazil. Articles on the effect of social distancing on COVID-19 were selected from the PubMed, medRXiv and bioRvix databases. Federal and state legislation was analyzed to summarize the strategies implemented in Brazil. Social distancing measures adopted by the population appear effective, particularly when implemented in conjunction with the isolation of cases and quarantining of contacts. Therefore, social distancing measures, and social protection policies to guarantee the sustainability of these measures, should be implemented. To control COVID-19 in Brazil, it is also crucial that epidemiological monitoring is strengthened at all three levels of the Brazilian National Health System (SUS). This includes evaluating and usingsupplementary indicators to monitor the progression of the pandemic and the effect of the control measures, increasing testing capacity, and making disaggregated notificationsand testing resultstransparentand broadly available.
A pandemia de COVID-19 tem desafiado pesquisadores e gestores a encontrar medidas de saúde pública que evitem o colapso dos sistemas de saúde e reduzam os óbitos. Esta revisão narrativa buscou sistematizar as evidências sobre o impacto das medidas de distanciamento social na epidemia de COVID-19 e discutir sua implementação no Brasil. Foram triados artigos sobre o efeito do distanciamento social na COVID-19 no PubMed, medRXiv e bioRvix, e analisados atos do poder público nos níveis federal e estadual para sumarizar as estratégias implementadas no Brasil. Os achados sugerem que o distanciamento social adotado por população é efetivo, especialmente quando combinado ao isolamento de casos e à quarentena dos contatos. Recomenda-se a implementação de medidas de distanciamento social e de políticas de proteção social para garantir a sustentabilidade dessas medidas. Para o controle da COVID-19 no Brasil, é imprescindível que essas medidas estejam aliadas ao fortalecimento do sistema de vigilância nos três níveis do SUS, que inclui a avaliação e uso de indicadores adicionais para monitorar a evolução da pandemia e o efeito das medidas de controle, a ampliação da capacidade de testagem, e divulgação ampla e transparente das notificações e de testagem desagregadas.